Exploring Natural Beauty: Characteristics and Applications of New Natural Fibers

3.Bamboo Raw Fiber

Bamboo raw fiber is the use of mechanical, physical methods from the bamboo directly separated from the fiber, maintaining the original characteristics of bamboo, with a certain fineness, length and strength, to achieve the technical requirements of spinning. Bamboo fiber single fiber length is short, only about 2mm,, so must use the process fiber spinning. Currently used degumming process borrowed from the ramie degumming process, the removal of lignin has become the most difficult to solve the problem, the bundle of fibers produced more coarse and stiff, lignin residue more. Bamboo fiber and bamboo pulp viscose fiber has an essential difference, the former is a pure natural fiber, with a special style, good performance, with certain health benefits, in order to distinguish from the bamboo pulp viscose fiber, so named bamboo fiber, while the latter is a regenerated cellulose fiber, bamboo fiber in some of the anti-bacterial ingredients in the chemical processing is affected, coupled with the pollution caused by chemical processing, so it is no longer the true sense of On the environmental protection fiber.

The chemical composition of bamboo fiber is mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which account for more than 90% of the total dry weight of the fiber, followed by protein, fat, pectin, tannin, pigment, ash, etc. By scanning electron microscopy, the original bamboo fiber had transverse nodes in the longitudinal direction, with very uneven distribution of thickness and fine grooves on the fiber surface. The cross-section was covered with large and small voids, and the edges were cracked, similar to the cross-section of ramie fiber. These gaps, grooves and cracks in bamboo fiber are like capillaries that can absorb and evaporate water in an instant, so it is known as a "breathing fiber", and the fabrics and garments made from bamboo fiber are highly hygroscopic, breathable and cool. Bamboo fiber has a strong antibacterial and bactericidal effect natural, environmentally friendly, durable, health and other characteristics. Because the bamboo fiber contains sodium chlorophyll copper, so it has good deodorant effect and anti-UV effect. Experiments show that the deodorization rate of bamboo raw fiber fabric on ammonia is 70%-72%, and the deodorization rate of acid odor reaches 93%-95%.

As bamboo raw fiber has excellent taking performance and health care effect, it can be developed into functional products and bedding with hygiene and medical treatment. Yarn produced by this raw material, soft and slightly bone-like, soft in the brittle, the fabric has a crisp, smooth feel, not sticky body. Excellent moisture absorption, breathability, is the material of choice for summer and autumn clothing.

Bamboo fiber development and application is still in the initial stage, bamboo fiber dyeing rate is not high, high lignin and gum content, poor elasticity and other shortcomings limit the application of its products. Many basic research work of bamboo fiber is still to be explored in order to provide theoretical guidance for the development and production of bamboo fiber textile products to produce textile products that truly reflect the excellent performance and style of bamboo. Bamboo pulp fiber also has some problems such as low wet strength of fiber, fiber brittle breakage, fiber specifications and few varieties, limiting the development of the final product. Therefore, to strengthen the development and application of bamboo fiber research, especially to increase the development and utilization of bamboo raw fiber, can reduce the dependence of textile raw materials on oil, reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution, to achieve sustainable development.